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Bob Briscoe, Koen De Schepper, Marcelo Bagnulo, Greg White
This document describes the L4S architecture, which enables Internet
applications to achieve low queuing latency, low congestion loss, and scalable
throughput control. L4S is based on the insight that the root cause of
queuing delay is in the capacity-seeking congestion controllers of
senders, not in the queue itself. With the L4S architecture, all Internet
applications could (but do not have to) transition away from congestion
control algorithms that cause substantial queuing delay and instead adopt a new class
of congestion controls that can seek capacity with very little queuing.
These are aided by a modified form of Explicit Congestion Notification
(ECN) from the network. With this new architecture, applications can
have both low latency and high throughput.
The architecture primarily concerns incremental deployment. It
defines mechanisms that allow the new class of L4S congestion controls
to coexist with 'Classic' congestion controls in a shared network. The
aim is for L4S latency and throughput to be usually much better (and
rarely worse) while typically not impacting Classic performance.
RFC 9330: Low Latency, Low Loss, and Scalable Throughput (L4S) Internet Service: Architecture
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